PMC

Ultradian power of HRV (RMSSD) anticipates LH surge onset. Mean HRV (RMSSD) ultradian power (z-scored) ± standard deviation for premenopausal cycles (A) within one week of LH surge onset and perimenopausal cycles (C) within one week of mid cycle. Ultradian HRV (RMSSD) power inflects an average of 5.82 (± 1.53) nights prior to LH surge onset, exhibits a subsequent peak an average of 2.58 (± 1.59) days prior to the surge onset and a trough an average of 2.11 (± 1.27) days after surge onset. (χ² = 4.91, p = 0.034,). These stereotyped changes are not present in perimenopausal cycles (χ² = 0.4797, p = 0.57). Representative individual example of HRV (RMSSD) ultradian power within one week of LH surge onset in premenopausal (B) and perimenopausal (D) cycles. Black boxes in (B) and (D) correspond to Boxes 1 & 2 and Boxes 3 & 4, respectively. Boxes show linear sleeping HRV (RMSSD) signal from which (B) and (D) were generated, illustrating days of relatively high and low ultradian power in ovulatory cycles, and the same two days in perimenopausal cycles.

Ultradian power of DBT anticipates LH surge onset. Mean DBT ultradian power (z-scored) ± standard deviation for premenopausal cycles (A) within one week of LH surge onset and perimenopausal cycles (C) within one week of mid cycle. DBT UR power peaks exhibit an inflection point 5.82 (± 1.82) days prior to LH onset, a peak a mean of 2.58 (± 1.89) before LH onset on average and a subsequent trough a mean of 2.6 (± 1.02) days after surge onset (χ² = 5.66, p = 0.0174). Perimenopausal UR power shows no conserved peaks and troughs (χ² = 0.37, p = 0.5354, for same comparisons). Representative individual example of raw DBT ultradian power within one week of LH surge onset in premenopausal (B) and within one week of mid cycle in perimenopausal (D) cycles. Black squares in (B) and (D) correspond to Boxes 1 & 2 and Boxes 3 & 4, respectively. Boxes show linear waking DBT from which ultradian power in B and D were generated; these days were selected to visually illustrate days of relatively high and low ultradian power in premenopausal cycles, and the same two days in perimenopausal cycles.

(a–c) The junction temperature and surge heating power of the three devices during the surge tests in , calculated by importing the thermal parameters in into the compact RC model. (d) The peak junction temperature and the surge energy density during the surge tests of the three devices. (e) The comparison of the peak junction temperature, calculated by the modified thermal impedance in and by the original thermal impedance in of the three devices.

Evolution of the magnitude of the power surge over time drawn by the load ( = 0.1 s, = 0.7 s).